1- Wash and dry your hands before wearing or removing contact lenses.

2- The lenses must be kept in the special box, with their own solution. Do not use household water, or even distilled water or a salt solution, to clean the lenses.

3- Clean the lens storage container in warm water with soap once a week, rinse it well and dry it.

4- Do not wear lenses while bathing or swimming.
5- It is strictly prohibited to wear lenses while sleeping, as the incidence of eye ulcers increases eight times and can lead to blindness.

6- In the event of inflammation or redness in the eye, an abnormal increase in tears and secretions, eye pain, blurry or distorted vision, or unusual sensitivity to light, immediately remove the lenses and go to the doctor for consultation and examination of the eyes.

7- Buy lenses from a trusted place, a doctor or medical center.

Bad habits in using screens lead to eye strain and dry eyes, known as Computer Vision Syndrome. Therefore, there are some tips that must be followed when using screens for long periods:

-Avoid using bright lighting, which leads to eye strain

-Stay away from screens at an appropriate distance (50cm).

-Sitting in a proper and healthy way for the neck and back vertebrae.

-Periodic eye examination.

Rest the eyes if you sit for long periods by applying the rule (20-20-20). Every 20 minutes, close your eyes for 20 seconds, then look away from the screen and look to a place at least 20 feet away from you, to relax the eye muscles and reduce the rate of dehydration.

“There is no such thing as vision-preserving glasses for use in front of screens.”

Causes:

• Winds carrying dirt and dust
• Rising temperatures
• Pollen, which is often abundant in the spring
• Some types of scents and perfumes
• Pet dander
• Wearing contact lenses for long periods and not taking care of them

Symptoms of allergy and vernal ophthalmia:

• Eye redness and eyelid swelling
• Itching sensation
• Increased eye secretions
• Feeling of dryness
• Increased tear production

Treatment:

• The ideal treatment for allergies is to avoid their causes as much as possible.
• Lubricating eye drops and drops containing antihistamines, which your doctor will prescribe for you if necessary. Lubricating drops reduce eye dryness and itching, while antihistamines reduce the body’s reaction to allergens
• Medications, which include antihistamines and decongestants.
• Do not wear contact lenses for long periods, and if you have to use them for long periods, be sure to use lubricating drops and artificial tear drops while wearing them throughout the day to avoid dryness and irritation
• Be sure to wear sunglasses during the day to avoid harmful rays and to block some of the pollen and dust that are present in the air.
• It is preferable to use an air purifier inside the house, and close the windows during days when pollen, dirt, and dust are widespread.
• Be sure to stay away from pets at home, especially your bedroom, and be sure to wash your hands constantly to protect from animal hair that may be stuck to them, and change clothes immediately after handling them.

Glaucoma is high eye pressure that leads to loss of visual field in the initial stages, followed by a gradual weakening of vision and then complete loss of sight as a result of optic nerve atrophy in the advanced stages.

Why is glaucoma called the thief of sight?

Because in the early stages of the disease, the patient does not suffer from any symptoms, whether eye redness or eye pain, and the patient does not feel sick except in its advanced stages as a result of the weakness of the optic nerve.

Who is most at riskof glaucoma?

-Having a family history of glaucoma.

-Getting older.

-Eye injuries.

– Some chronic diseases such as: diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure.

– Incorrect use of some medications such as cortisone for a long period

How to preventglaucoma?</strong >

Glaucoma can be prevented through regular examination by an ophthalmologist, where eye pressure is measured and the optic nerve is examined, and some other examinations may be used, such as visual field and CT scaneOn the optic nerve

TreatmentGlaucoma“Glaucoma”?

Treatment depends on the type of glaucoma that the patient suffers from:

– Eye drops to reduce eye pressure.

– Laser treatment, which is used as an adjuvant treatment for eye drops.

– Surgery in advanced cases of high intraocular pressure.

Lazy eye or (functional eye weakness) is a defect in the normal visual development in one eye early in life, resulting in weak vision in one or both eyes. As the weakness increases, the brain begins to ignore the signals coming from the lazy eye and relies completely on it. In vision in the healthy eye, the condition of the lazy eye gets worse over time.

Because a child’s vision develops in the first years of his life, lazy eye must be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible so that the child’s ability to see properly develops.

Causes of lazy eye:

-Weak vision:

A child may suffer from poor vision in only one eye (nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism), so his vision is blurry, resulting in the brain ignoring the weak eye and relying on the healthy eye.

-around the eye:

Strabismus occurs when the direction of vision in the eyes is towards two different angles. In this case, the brain ignores the deviated eye to avoid double vision, which later causes laziness.

-Deprivation of vision:

What is meant by the presence of a disease in one eye that prevents vision in it, such as the presence of corneal opacity, white water, or a fall and drooping of the eyelid.

Treatment of lazy eye:

Treatment of lazy eye includes two main axes:

First: Treating the main problem causing lazy eye:

Low vision is treated using eyeglasses, which is the first treatment option for a child who suffers from lazy eye resulting from disparity in vision between the eyes.

Treatment around the eyes, which may require surgical intervention in some cases

Second: Stimulating the brain touse the lazy eye:

By eye exercises, which are done by placinga cover over the good eyefor a few hours every day, which forces the brain to use the lazy eye and stimulate vision with it.

The number of hours and time duration of these exercises is determined according to the degree of lazy eye and the age of the child.

Causes:

• Using screens (computer and mobile phone) for long periods.
• Advancing age, especially in the presence of chronic diseases such as diabetes
• Smoking
• Immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and erythematosus
• High temperatures
• After eye surgeries

Symptoms:

• Constant burning in the eye
• Itching sensation
• Eye redness
• Blurred vision sometimes
• Presence of eye discharge
• Constant eye fatigue while reading

Treatment:

1- In some cases, treating an underlying health problem can help resolve the signs and symptoms associated with dry eyes. For example, if there is a medication that causes dry eyes or there is some chronic disease such as rheumatoid disease.

2- Using artificial tears. Eye drops help moisturize the eyes, and are considered the prevailing treatment for dry eyes.

3- Use anti-inflammatory drops

4- Punctal plugs

Blocking the openings in the tear ducts with small silicone plugs (microplugs) is one approach to treating dry eyes. These plugs close the tiny openings (points) in the inner corner of the upper and lower eyelids. The closure preserves both natural and artificial tears that can be added

5- IPL treatment:

IPL therapy works to reduce tear evaporation and significantly alleviate the discomfort caused by dry eyes by stimulating the eye glands to resume their normal functionImproves secretion of the lipid component of tears and stabilizes the lipid layerof tears.

Tears are continuously secreted from the tear glands, which helps moisturize and protect the eyes.

Tears drain from the eyes through two openings in the inner corner of the eyelids and then pass through a larger passage called the tear duct to drain tears into the membrane lining the nose. In some newborns, the development of the tear duct is incomplete, which prevents tears from draining normally, resulting in Recurrent eye infections and infections.

Symptoms of blocked tear duct and its early diagnosis:

-Continuous stream of tears on the face.

– The presence of recurrent eye infections and infections since birth.

There are frequent eye discharge.

Treatment of blocked tear duct in children:

Effective treatment depends on early diagnosis and the child’s age and includes:

• In the early stages, we need to massage the tear duct to stimulate its complete growth.
• Tear duct unclogging procedure.
• Installation of a stent inside the tear duct.
• In advanced cases, we need to create a new tear duct.

Droopy eyelids is the medical term given to the eyelids in which one or both eyelids become bent or drooping, such that the eyelid falls below its normal level and the pupil is covered (nini), giving the eye a sleepy appearance. This condition is more common among the elderly, but it may affect In children from birth, it is called congenital ptosis, and it may result from severe eye injuries, and in this case it is called acquired ptosis.

Causes of drooping eyelids:

• Aging as a natural part of aging, due to the relaxation of the levator muscle responsible for raising the eyelid.
• Congenital in newborns.
• Severe eye injuries that may affect the eye muscles and ligaments.
• Eye tumors.
• Visity correction with LASIK and cataract surgery.
• Stroke
• Injecting substances around the eyes, such as Botox.
• Neurological diseases that affect the eye muscles, nerves, or both, such as: myasthenia gravis, third nerve palsy, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and Horner syndrome.

The danger of drooping eyelids in children:

Droopy eyelids in children can lead to lazy eye (weak vision in one eye), which may result in lifelong visual impairment.

All children with ptosis, even mild cases, should be examined to determine the most appropriate treatment for them.

Children who are born with severe drooping eyelids need urgent surgical treatment in order to develop the ability to see well.

Treatment of drooping eyelids:

There are many ways to treat eyelid drooping depending on the cause, including:

– Follow-up in simple cases that do not affect eye function.

– Temporary in cases of temporary prolapse as a result of Botox injection.

– Treating the cause: such as cases of neurological diseases.

– surgeries:

We need it if the cause is weakness of the levator muscle, and operations depend on connecting the levator palpebrae muscle to raise the eyelid, which allows good vision and gives a decent view to the eye.

The eyelid relaxation procedure has two purposes: a functional purpose and a cosmetic purpose. In children, the purpose is functional, while in adults, it is a cosmetic purpose.

Squint is the loss of parallelism between the eyes. Under normal circumstances, the two eyes look together in the same direction at the same object, and the brain is thus able to merge the two images (an image from each eye) to obtain a single image. It has multidimensional characteristics.

Types of around the eyes:

There are several types of strabismus that differ from each other in the degree of deviation and the direction of the eye deviation, including:

Medial esotropia: is the deviation of the eye inward towards the nose.

Lateral exotropia: is the deviation of the eye outward towards the ear.

Hidden strabismus: It is a deviation of one eye that only appears during times of stress or lack of focus and is an indication of eye weakness.

Pseudostrabismus: It is a false feeling that there is a deviation in the eye. It does not require treatment and improves as the child grows.

Treatment around the eyes:

Strabismus treatment depends on a good and correct diagnosis by a specialist ophthalmologist in an individual manner tailored to each case. For the treatment to be effective, it must be applied as quickly as possible. Strabismus treatment includes different treatment options, including:

–Glasses or contact lenses:

Strabismus may result from severe nearsightedness or farsightedness. In this case, wearing glasses or lenses is sufficient to treat strabismus without surgical intervention.

– Eye muscle exercises:

In some cases of strabismus, eye muscle exercises are effective in strengthening the eyes’ ability to work together.

– Surgical intervention:

In the case of true strabismus, which results from weak eye muscles, surgical intervention is the ideal solution for treating strabismus to strengthen the eye muscles.

Keratoconus is considered one of the most dangerous diseases of the cornea of the eye, which requires early diagnosis to avoid loss of vision in its advanced stages. Keratoconus occurs as a result of a weakness in the corneal tissue, which leads to the cornea protruding so that the shape of the eye changes and becomes conical, which results in light being reflected on the retina. Irregular points are known as irregular astigmatism.

Keratoconus often occurs in the early twenties, affects both eyes but is worse in one of them, and develops faster the younger it begins.

Causes:

There are many causes of keratoconus, most of which are hereditary and some are acquired, such as:

– Family history, which is a direct cause of keratoconus

-frequent eye rubbing

 – Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays

 – Defect in enzymes  found in the cornea

Early diagnosis:

Early diagnosis depends on regular eye examination, especially in people with a family history. The treating physician performs a corneal topography examination to confirm the diagnosis

Treatment of keratoconus:

Keratoconus cannot be treated with eye drops or medications, but several methods are used to slow or stop the progression of the condition

– In the early stages:

It is sufficient to perform a corneal stabilization procedure using ultraviolet rays and riboflavin in order to strengthen the bonds between the corneal fibers and prevent the progression of the disease.

– In the middle stages:

The cornea is stabilized with the implantation of intraocular lenses or the implantation of rings inside the cornea to treat irregular astigmatism, and the process of implanting the rings is performed using femtolaser technology.

–Inadvanced stages:
 A layered or total corneal transplant is performed.